Key Factors of Consumer Behaviour Essay

1. Discuss and explain the key factors influencing consumer behaviour. Why must organisations understand consumer behaviour in order to optimise sales? â€Å"Marketing is the activity, set of institutions and processes for creating communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large† (AMA, 2007). â€Å"Consumer behaviour is the judgment of final consumers individuals and households who buy goods and services for personal consumption† (Kotler et al., 1999) There are four key factors influencing consumer behaviour. They are social, cultural, personal and psychological factors. Consumer may tends to change their buying behaviour according to these factors. Cultural factors are described as people who react particular way regard to religion reason. Different culture response differently, how people behave with their buying decision. for instance in Myanmar, majority of people do not have a habit of doing sport or using supplement for diet purposes. In United Kingdom, on the other hand, groups of men and women tend to emphasis on sport and taking supplement. As a supplement business prospective, they should not supply their product or sell in Myanmar. Social factors are mainly influenced by family, close friend and personal attitude. They are also known as ‘reference group’. Reference group are important as the product are satisfied for their needs, the message with forward to another person which is also known as â€Å"word of mouth†. The communication is powerful because we trust our friends’ and colleagues’ opinions. For example, majority of wealthy people do not buy a Primark product, simple because of their status, they should be buying much more expensive product such as Gucci and Chanel. If they do consumer Primark product their friend may talk behind their back which affect the status. After taking cultural and social factors into consideration, the next things people naturally put things into account is personal factors. personal factors can be defined as a belief in which a person think the particular brand is valued to them. Personal factors consists of buyer’s age, occupation, economic situation and lifestyle. Depending on human life cycle, buyers’ decision making is changing in different stages. Therefore, marketer often segment the market and target the consumer life stages. As an example, it is an inappropriate for the marketer to sell Samsung latest smart phone to senior citizen, they may only want to use simple keypad phone. In term of occupation, people are concerning about their status and image in their society. The products that they consume are crucial to his or her status. Psychological factors include belief, interest and motivation. Everyone has their own belief in different way. Often majority of people are bias when buying a particular brand. There is no right or wrong answer, in fact, people learnt from past experience whether the brand had met their needs or how they perceived the brand . For example, Iphone 5, more and more people are getting the new Iphone 5, not because it is very special. In fact Samsung s3, has better functionality than Iphone but still people buys it. This shows people value the brand of Apple and how they perceived the brand. Motivation factors are another factor that consumer think before they buy. According to Maslow theory, different people has different needs. So, marketer should know how to segment the market and target the right person to maximise sales. In summary, organisation should consider how consumer behave for certain product by looking at these four factors. furthermore, communicating with consumer are crucial to the market as they sent the message the consumer about the product’s feature. Therefore, marketer has to be segment the market and target the right consumer to deliver the message across.

Comparison of the Social Sciences

MORELAND: HUMAN BEHAVIOR PESPECTIVES COMPARISON PAPER AND PRESENTATION 1 HUMAN BEHAVIOR PESPECTIVES COMPARISON PAPER ON DIVERSITY PRESENTATION JANICE MORELAND SSC101 HUMAN BEHAVIOR PERSPECTIVE SAINT LEO UNIVERSITY INSTRUCTOR: ALOMA MENDOZA JUNE 4, 2012 1 Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn. com/abstract=2132524 MORELAND: HUMAN BEHAVIOR PESPECTIVES COMPARISON PAPER AND PRESENTATION 2 ABSTRACT This paper is a critical comparison between the human behavior disciplines of anthropology, psychology, and sociology. This assessment is an observation of a social, political and cultural conflict that can be solved with compromise.The issue will analyze behavior using the social science perspective of anthropology, psychology, and sociology as a multimedia presentation. It emphasizes the importance of cultural diversity and reflects the values of Respect and Community for people of other cultures. Keywords: altruism, diversity, self-actualization, community, philosophy, living, community, happiness, wellbeing, respect. 2 Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn. com/abstract=2132524 MORELAND: HUMAN BEHAVIOR PESPECTIVES COMPARISON PAPER AND PRESENTATION 3 Anthropology Who Am I Cultural DiversityPsychology Why Am I Different Diversity = Differences Sociology What Influences You and Me and How Can We Survive Together with our Differences Compromise = Allowing me to be Different without you giving up your integrity THE ROLE OF ANTHROPOLOGY, PSYCHOLOGY AND SOCIOLOGY First, the study of anthropology profiles human behavior and cultural diversity based upon ethnicity, race, gender and national origin. This anthropological study of human behavior tells us the mores, work ethics, taboos, social constructs, social institutions, religion, family structure, hierarchy of social structures (popular and subcultures) and needs.Secondly, the study of anthropology equates to a psychological profile of a particular culture, ethnic group, race, or gender and their belief systems, lear ning, motivations, and perceptions. Therefore, the psychological profile of a particular region, culture, race or ethnic group tells us what sociology or social influences and biological influences have on the behavior of that particular group that motivates, enhances, destroys or influences change in that on a particular culture. 3 MORELAND: HUMAN BEHAVIOR PESPECTIVES COMPARISON PAPER AND PRESENTATION ***Clip Art by Microsoft word*** In 1980, a lawsuit was filed: Keebler Co. v. Rovira Biscuit Corp. , 624 F2d 366 (1980). This lawsuit was a dispute about who owns the title to the word â€Å"export sodas† to identify a generic term for â€Å"soda crackers†. Expert Sodas was a generic term that meant the same as Soda Crackers and Keebler wanted to hold exclusive rights to it. Well Rovira Biscuit Corp had been using the name and made a knockoff package to look like Keebler and Keebler didn’t like it.Therefore, Keebler took an aggressive action by demanding that it h old title to the name. Well, the courts didn’t see it quite that way and looked for middle ground where all might not be totally happy, but not completely dissatisfied; the court allowed Keebler to keep the name based upon state specific areas and Rovira to use the other term in Puerto Rico where everyone knew what both names meant. Therefore, both got what they wanted and were able to operate without hostility or interference and everyone knew what both words meant. Justia, 1980) The moral to this story is that if you want to prevent stagnation then compromise is the answer, it’s the way America maintains domestic tranquility. What is based upon religion is that 4 MORELAND: HUMAN BEHAVIOR PESPECTIVES COMPARISON PAPER AND PRESENTATION 5 and what is considered a secular idea with the same meaning can have a different name with the same rights. There are some paradigm shifts that can destroy or enhance. The question is anyone willing to compromise to get results?In concl usion, the study of anthropology which gives all of the facts of a culture based upon culture, region, race, gender and ethnicity. Psychology says that you can use the information from the study of anthropology model a psychological profile or the mindset of a particular culture, race, region or ethnic group to determine what they will or will not do. Sociology says that based upon the study of anthropology and psychology, political leaders, social institutions, businesses, and others can determine what social constructs or social institutions to use as a device for change. MORELAND: HUMAN BEHAVIOR PESPECTIVES COMPARISON PAPER AND PRESENTATION 6 REFERENCES: Bing. (2012) A view from the right. (picture) Retrieved June 3, 2012 from http://aviewfromtheright. com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/diverse-people. jpg Justia. (1980). Keebler Co. v. Rovira Biscuit Corp. , 624 F2d 366 (1980). Retrieved June 3, 2012 from http://law. justia. com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/624/366/312997/). ) Retr 6

Medea can be forgiven for her rage but not her calculation

Medea’s rage is a result of Jason’s betrayal, and with both desire and passion, it prompts her calculation- causing her to commit unimaginable crimes. Her rage is forgivable, yet her actions that follow are contemptible. Jason’s betrayal is recurring throughout the novel, and as it progresses, Medea’s fury worsens also. When Jason claims â€Å"he has acted like a true friend† to Medea and his children, Medea reacts angrily, knowing that he has acted in contrast. Jason’s obliviousness to his actions and lies insults Medea, forming her resentment to develop. Although Medea’s calculation doesn’t add up to Jason’s betrayal, he is still to blame for being the cause of such frenzy. Medea’s rage, passion, and desire for Jason are the origin of her actions. For Medea to â€Å"suffer the mockery of her enemies† was something she wouldn’t tolerate. Her vindictive mind allowed her to believe that she would rather do wrong, than be ridiculed by Jason, Glauce and Creon. By killing her children, Glauce and Creon, Medea knew she would â€Å"have her claws† in Jason’s heart as he deserved. These children live no more; I say this to wound your heart†. Medea commits these actions to hurt Jason and get revenge, yet was unaware of the extent of which they would affect her. The audience is unable to distinguish Medea’s rage from her calculation as they are all a source of the same cause. â€Å"My passion is master of my reason, passion that causes the greatest suffering in the world†. Medea knows that in order for her to pursue with murdering her children, she will have to suffer tremendously. Her manipulation and vigilant arrangements allows her to accomplish results which reflect on her fury and â€Å"special knowledge†. Although Jason is to blame for Medea's rage, the results are solely Medea's fault. We are able to sympathise with Medea; to some extent, for the distress she undergoes through killing her children. Although Medea cannot be forgiven for her actions, the audience is able to understand the reasons for the revengeful way Medea retorted. Neither Jason nor Medea can be forgiven for their actions, but condemned.

Theraputic relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Theraputic relationship - Essay Example The movie losing Isiah has evidence of the concept (therapeutic relationship); the movie is a story of a young boy (Isaiah) left in the trash by her mother. The mother leaves the child for dead after she found her missing in the dumpster she had left him. Trash collectors find him and take him to the hospital where a social worker named Margaret Lewin takes an interest in the boy, later she starts filling the adoption papers for the little boy. Margaret and Charles (her husband) want to give Isaiah a good and loving home together with their daughter Hannah. The boys mother, khaila is arrested for possession of drugs and shoplifting, she is later taken to a rehabilitation program where she heals and maintains without the use of drugs. After she leaves the program she secures a good job and finds a good place she lives, khaila later realizes that her child is well and alive. With the help of her lawyer and her counselor, khaila attempts to get Isaiah back, news that devastated the Lewins who by then considered Isaiah, their own son. The family also opens a case to fight for the boy, but the same goes for the mother, however khaila wins the case by showing that the two white parents did not expose the boy to his culture (black nation), they did not give the boy any books about blacks, had no black friends, and no black dolls. Even though the ruling was against Margarets argument was better as she defended her case by arguing that all that mattered was the love the family had for Isaiah and not political correctness. Khaila brings in an ex pert witness (psychologist) who argued that the mother had changed and that the child should grow to her own race. As the social worker takes the boy away, after her mother won the case, it is evident that the boy did not want to leave the white family. In this scene, the boy screams and cries for the Lewins,

Safety and Risk of Nitrous Dioxide during Labor Literature review

Safety and Risk of Nitrous Dioxide during Labor - Literature review Example Nitrous Oxide is a chemical compound with the formula N ­2O and is an oxide of Nitrogen. This gas is commonly referred to as ‘sweet air’ or ‘laughing gas.’ Inhaling it has a euphoric effect, and this was the motivation behind its use as an analgesia. Since the inception of N ­2 ­Ã‚ ­O analgesia use in the management of pain during labor, studies have been conducted to ascertain the various effects it has, other than the analgesic property.   In the United States, the reported use of N ­2O as a labor analgesia is a minimal 1%. This is the motivation for this review. It is an analysis of the factors that have led to the decreased, to almost nil use of N ­2O analgesia during labor. When used in high doses, N ­2O is a weak anesthetic but, in low doses, it is an analgesic. The low dose use of N ­2O is achieved by using it in 50/50 combination with oxygen gas. When the50% N ­2O is in Oxygen, the mixture is referred to as Entonox. Concerns that have been advanced are in relation to the effect that Entonox has on labor, and birth. Studies have also indicated that N ­2O analgesia during labor affects breastfeeding and the wellbeing of both mother and neonate. There are also possible occupational risks that this method presents to persons who care for mothers during labor. Reviews on the occupational risks and the safety of N ­2O labor analgesia have also been carried out. It is essential for a nurse to be well aware of the risks linked to this method in order to practice safety precaution. This knowledge also makes it possible for the nurse to provide the mother with proper care during labor. The use of N ­2O was recommended earlier, due to its low blood-gas solubility coefficient. The value of 0.47 is indicative of its ability to rapidly equilibrate with blood. When used during labor to manage pain, N ­2O is used intermittently, targeting the peak pain during contractions. The parturient can be trained on how to effectively time peak contraction pain. To attain the near-maximum effect of Entonox, approximately ten breaths are required. The intermittent use ensures that there is a minimal accumulation of N ­2O in blood during, and after use.  

The Many Faces of Affirmative Action Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Many Faces of Affirmative Action - Essay Example The concept of compensatory justice for wrongs that were committed against a race of people on a massive scale is a part of the American tradition. America has a long history of reparations regarding the Japanese in World War II, Native Americans, and General Sherman's promise of 40 acres to the freed slaves at the end of the Civil War (Burch, 2008, p.121). As moral agents, citizens not only have an obligation to compensate those that have been wronged by society, "it would be unjust to prevent [them] from living up to [their] responsibilities" (Radzik, 2003, p.328). In addition, it gives the African Americans a fast track to catch up to the society that had left them behind centuries earlier. Catching up in the free market of education or employment cannot be done when a person is severely disadvantaged, and Affirmative Action simply removes the disadvantage. By 1965, the white dominant class had a near monopoly on education, the professions, and upward mobility. Affirmative Action helped to break this stronghold and presented opportunities to the African Americans that were previously excluded due to unfair competition. Supreme Court briefs filed by executives and retired military officers argued that "the United States cannot compete in today's global economy, or maintain an effective military, without racially diverse business and military leaders" (Foner, 2003, p.5). By introducing these additional women and minorities into the marketplace for education, it has improved the quality of the educational system, the students, and our global status. Giving women and minorities an advantage in gaining an education has been instrumental in breaking the cycle of poverty and the destiny of culture. Young people, who had little or no cultural capital, and no family tradition of higher education, would be doomed to repeat the life of poverty and continue the struggle endured by their parents. Though there has been some progress made, there is still a significant gap in representation in the professions such as the legal field (Tatum, Nichols, and Ferguson, 2008, p.80). Still, Affirmative Action is the best, if not the only, hope that many of these people are given.

Fuedal Relationships in Beowulf Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fuedal Relationships in Beowulf - Essay Example Beowulf explains feudal relationships by his three battles and funerals in favor to get fame and recognition in his poem. Feudal relationships were well defined in the Beowulf’s first battle referred to as Grendel. This would be elucidated in the story of King Hroogar who was the builder of the prestigious tower known as Heorot for his people. His wife Wealhboeow and his soldiers spent their time partying and singing in the hall until Gredell, a mammoth who is irritated by the rejoicing, attacks the hall, kills and demolishes Hroogar’s fighters as they sleep. Nonetheless, Grendel does not interfere with Hroogar’s authority as it is termed to be considered by a powerful god. Hroogar and his followers, deserted against Grendel’s attacks leave Heorot. Beowulf, a fresh fighter from Geatland, overhears of Hroogar’s predicaments and goes to assist Hroogar. Beowulf and his followers spent the night in the Heorot with no weapon as Grendel is resistant to hu man arms, and it would be unfair over the defenseless monster. Soon after Beowulf slept, Grendel gets into the building, attacks and demolishes one of the men. Beowulf has been faking sleep and jumps into clamp Grendel’s hand. ... In the second fight, Beowulf demonstrates feudal relationships (Murphy and Sullivan), as he is motivated to fight Grendel’s mother by the assurances that he has been promised by the Hroogar. Beowulf specifies several conditions to Hroogar in the event of his death including taking over his warriors and estates. Beowulf trails Grendel’s mother to her residence underneath the lake. He jumps in to the lake; he is quickly identified and attacked by Grendel’s mother. Nevertheless, she is not able to attack him and drags him to the sides of the lake. In a cave having Grendel’s body and the leftovers of the men that the two have killed, the two are involved in a brutal fight. Owing that Beowulf is determined to win this battle in favor of Hroogal he kills Grendel’s mother and eventually becomes a king. This demonstrates that in those eras, people would be involved in evil in pursuit of prominence and recognition. According to Beowulf’s poem, Feudal relationships are explained in the third battle as it clearly illustrate that Beowulf is ready to die in the battle with the dragon in the course of revenge. Beowulf with his combatants is determined to fight the dragon to retaliate the burning of everything that was visible by the dragon. Due to the greed for prominence and recognition of Beowulf as a king, he decides to fight the dragon alone to the expense of his life. Unfortunately, in the course of fight, Beowulf is wounded and killed by the dragon. In the feudal relationships, it was the responsibility of the kinfolks to retaliate to their enemies to expense of their lives or by dying in the battle. In the feudal relationships, funerals of the heroes who were killed by fame hungry men contributed to naming the m as heroes. Beowulf’s poem argues that in the

Ethical Line in Journalism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethical Line in Journalism - Assignment Example Hubert could have instinctively gone to a journalistic mode lives, taking pictures of the wreck. Â  By the fact that the story involved elements of good ethics in journalism, it was an appropriate piece for editors. Although the photojournalist failed to capture the main event at the scene, he chooses to try and help the stranger. It was a heroic deed by the people involved which was worth broadcasting. Â  The journalist involvement, in this case, helped shift the media focus from the accident itself to the moral and ethical aspects of journalism. The choice not to shoot photographs immediately tell of a journalist who is more concerned with the welfare of the needy as opposed to him doing his core duties. Â  Redbook crossed an ethical line in journalism the time they selected to put Aniston on the front page using a manipulated stock photo. They did not obtain permission from her. The magazine chose to use an edited photo crossing an ethical line once again. They deceived readers who believe the picture was real when in reality it was not. In contrast, Hubert chose not be intrusive and revealing but to be helpful to a perishing woman. Â  Herbert's thinking is in line with Garry's steps. He chooses not to make the moment of the suffering women public, and alternatively, he decided to help. For him photographing the women could have sent them into more trauma. He remained as least obtrusive as possible, taking pictures only after the saving the women. Additionally, he chose to act with compassion, and he was sensitive to their need for help. Â  The craft in the photo is good. It is telling the story of pain, a woman in agony. People are helping her. Someone is offering some water, and a hand is holding her by the shoulder. It shows that the agony is over for the woman, and people are trying to calm and comfort her. Â  

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 13

Case study - Essay Example Even if he was aware of the contract it is still possible that he was not aware of the clause. The fact that management made them aware of the presence of these people and they still went ahead with their holiday could lessen their chances at raising a claim against the hotel or the travel agency. This goes into their complaint about the poor food. It must be established whether or not the poor quality of the food was a function of an unsupported expectation or because it failed to meet conditions set forth in a contract. ‘Quiet atmosphere’ was an essential requisite of the client before he agreed to book with Elite. If it can be shown that Elysium acted in wanton disregard of this fact, a case can be made that they acted in bad faith because they knowingly booked Mr. Williams in the hotel knowing that he would be in the company of the 18-30 club people when he wanted peace and quiet. This goes into their claim that it was impossible for the hotel to accommodate his desire to be away from the noisy young people. If it can be shown that there were vacancies in the hotel and Mr. Williams knew about this, then there is a further showing of bad faith. My client Mr. Williams has a complaint that amounts to a breach of contract on the part of Elysium and Elite Travel. At issue here is that Mr. Williams reserved a two week vacation at Elysium based on the offer made by Elite Travel which promised certain conditions which were not met. Among the conditions breached was the offer of international cuisine and an Olympic size swimming pool. The cuisine was described by Mr. Williams as â€Å"junk food† and the Olympic-size swimming pool was always closed because the 18-30 Club patrons kept rendering it unusable. The attitude of management at Elysium further aggravated Mr. Williams because the resort was unwilling to accommodate his

Analysis and Evaluation of Employee Involvement and its Impact on Dissertation

Analysis and Evaluation of Employee Involvement and its Impact on Employee Performance - Dissertation Example Literature Review 6 Critical Evaluation and Analysis of Data 10 Discussion 18 Conclusion 23 References 26 Appendices 29 Project Aim and Objectives The use of employee involvement practices has been evident among organisations across various industries and has also been associated with a number of favorable outcomes including organisational performance (Jones and Kato, 2005). Considerable interest has been demonstrated towards new work systems that emphasize employee involvement owing to perceived increase in performance among workers that such practices may bring about. Furthermore, external pressures that increased competition among companies resulted to these firms reevaluating the processes used for organising their work (Bartell, 2004). As such, while employees have been given more responsibilities, practices have consequently placed more emphasis as well on enabling these workers to take part in the decision making process within the workplace. Companies have also been known to offer incentives that will encourage employees to take responsibility for their work. While employee involvement has been often associated with productivity and employee performance, other studies have also shown how such participation can influence organisational profitability (Addison and Belfield, 2000). Owing to these mixed findings, the current project, therefore, aims to analyze and evaluate how employee involvement can contribute towards effective organizational performance based on a cultural perspective in which employees play a highly significant role. Particularly, this project aims to address two SMART objectives: first is to conduct interviews among 10 employees from BI Worldwide, within 2 weeks at most, whose operations in the United Kingdom operate in Milton Keynes. Second... The study tells as there has been increasing recognition of employees as the best assets of an organisation, there has been attempts to seek ways with which to enhance employees’ contribution to the firm whilst further understanding the effectiveness of human resource systems. If organisations are able to select and retain appropriate employees as well as develop these individuals by means of adequate training and learning opportunities, such knowledge can be utilized as an advantage for achieving favorable performance. It has become a challenge, however, to establish a system that will enable for a mutually beneficial relationship between the organisation and its employees. Human resource policies have been widely taken into consideration along with their effects on organisational performance, such as the effectiveness of employees, and workplace innovation; a number of workplace practices, including employee involvement, have been continuously associated with high levels of employee performance. Therefore, the employment relationship has been recognized as a significant contributing factor to a firm’s long-term success. In addition, current personnel literature may suggest that employee involvement practices may have more observable effects on organisations that employ workers who are highly skilled and knowledgeable. This is because within these companies, tasks and roles are more complex, and the levels of skills required are higher which can translate into these employees having a wider capacity to affect performance.

Drunk Driving Essay Example for Free

Drunk Driving Essay Driving a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol is one of the most dangerous things you can do. There is a mass of research evidence to show that driving performance and reaction times are seriously affected by alcohol. Our law in Georgia states, that it is illegal to operate a motor vehicle if your blood alcohol concentration (BAC) exceeds . 10%. Georgia observes a per se law. (Craft) If you drink and drive, you are not only a danger to yourself but also to your passenger, other road users and pedestrians. In fact, every 30 minutes, someone in this country dies in alcohol-related crash. Every 30 minutes! And last year alone more than one million people are injured in alcohol-related traffic crashes. Alcohol is a depressant that slows down body reactions and the working of the brain. Each year drunk driving is responsible for about 25% of these deaths. The risks of drinking are alcohol-related accidents and violence. The effects of alcohol are poor coordination and slurred speech, double vision, decrease of self-control loss of consciousness and death. There are legal consequences due to drinking also. The more a person drinks, the more their ability to make important decisions becomes impaired. After just one drink, a driver can lose their ability to perform the tasks necessary to drive a car. At a certain point, a driver will become illegally intoxicated and can be arrested for attempting to operate a motor vehicle. In every state on out country there is a legal limit to how much alcohol you can have in your body if you are driving. If you drink and drive you can lose your drivers license and even go to jail. Traffic crashes are the leading cause of death for teens and young adults. More than 5,000 young people die every year in car crashes and thousands more are injured. Drivers who are 16 years old are more than 20 times as likely to have a crash, as are other drivers. There are two main reasons why teens are at a higher for being in a car crash and lack of driving experience and their tendency to take risks while driving. Teens drive faster and do not control the car as well as more experienced drivers. Their judgment in traffic is often insufficient to avoid a crash. In addition, teens do most of their driving at night, which can be even more difficult. Standard drivers education classes include 30 hours of classroom teaching and 6 hours of behind-the-wheel training. This is not enough time to fully train a new driver. Teen drivers are more like to be influence by peers and other stresses and distractions. This can lead to reckless driving behaviors such as speeding, driving under the influence of drugs and alcohol, and not wearing safety belts. There is no safe amount that you can drink and still drive. Even one drink can influence your driving offences. Nowadays, drunk driving has become driving while intoxicated, driving while impaired, driving while under the influence, operating while under the influence (impaired, intoxicated, or whatever), and in many states, one can be convicted of DUI even though the police didnt even see you drive. (JMD) It is often too late by the time they seek help. They face losing their license; having embarrassing court appearances, press coverage and heavy fines. Many are just ordinary people who have a few social drinks, get behind the wheel and then get pulled over by the police. Such as Henri Paul that thought he was not too drunk to drive. However, evidence proves otherwise in this report that states, French pathologists drew five separate samples: blood from directly above the heart; also urine, eye fluid, bile and hair. These showed: a. A blood-alcohol level of about 180 milligrams per 100 mil. equivalent to eight or nine scotch whiskies, which is three times over the legal limit in France. b. A little over 20% carboxyhemoglobin, which is inhaled carbon monoxide. c. Traces of two drugs, the antidepressant Prozac and Tiapridal, a drug used to treat alcohol addiction; the Prozac taken regularly since May that year, and the Tiapridal since July. So try to manage your life so that you do not drink and drive. If you go out for a drink, try to go somewhere that you can reach either on foot or by public transportation. Think about sharing the driving on different days with a group of people so that you can take turns at driving. If you do drink even though you meant not to, and you went out with your vehicle, consider taking a taxi or take a Saferide home and leave your vehicle behind. (Saferide) This is a whole lot cheaper than getting prosecuted! Work Cites Craft, Stephen. Interview with Winde Rovira. A ttorney at Law licensed in Georgia and Alabama. 8 March 2000 Saferide. http://www. baddpage. com/saferide. html JMD. DUI Help Website (2000) all rights reserved by jmd-ent. com http://www. dui-help. com/index1. html Bartram, John. The Mysteries Surrounding Princess Dianas Death http://dianaconspiracy. homepage. com/.

The Victorian ideal Essay Example for Free

The Victorian ideal Essay The Victorian ideal of womanhood is The Angel in the house. How does Dickens handle his female characters in Great Expectations and how do they relate to this ideal?  Ben A 11wd  In Great Expectations, there are a wide variety of curious and eccentric characters, but it seems that overall, there are significantly more curious female characters (Estella, Miss Havisham, Mrs Joe) than there are male characters (e.g. Mr Pumblechook). It is possible that the reason for the high number of strange women characters might be down to one or more personal experiences in Dickens life. Mrs Joe Gargery, for instance, was directly influenced by Dickens mother, Elizabeth Dickens, who sent Charles, at the age of twelve, to work in a shoe polish factory in order to support the family, who at the time were locked in prison due to the tremendous amount of debt Dickens father was in. Mrs Joe is an exaggerated caricature of Elizabeth, and the antithesis of the angel in the house. The phrase The Angel In The House has its roots in a poem written by the British lyricist Coventry Patmore. He believed that his wife Emily was the perfect incarnation of womanhood; i.e. she was beautiful, obedient, polite, a good cook etc, and it was from her influence that the 211 page volume was written in 1854, and from that poem sprung the expression used to describe a proper housewife doing her duties. Although popular, it received a lot of negative press from the more intelligent liberals both then and now, with some views being reflected by people such as Nel Noddings, who claimed that the Angel was infantile, weak and mindless. But surprisingly, Dickens was actually a supporter of the image presented by Patmore, as were the majority of individuals of the time, even if it does appear that he is criticising the angelic ideal with the character of Mrs Joe for instance, as Dickens actually held quite conservative views on the idea. Mrs Joe is possibly the least angelic person in the entire book, primarily as step by step, Dickens parallels her on every single stage with the Angel, to make her as least angelic as he can, or at least, it appears that he does. She carries with her a stick used for whacking, which Dickens ironically christens Tickler, which she uses to attack both Pip and Joe regularly. There is the image of the thimble, which would usually be used by a housewife similar to the one described in Patmores poem in order to safely knit and sew clothes, and yet Mrs Joe uses it to bash Pip on the head, which is almost the exact opposite of its original purpose. Dickens also appears to cover the ideal of women being perfect cooks, usoing the symbolism of Mrs Joe dropping nails from her top pocket into the bread dough as she is kneading it. being housewives, they would go out an earn money for the family.  The women in Great Expectations range through the social classes from the very top to the very base, and yet all of them have severe defects and are not usually very friendly or caring at all. The most evident of these are the characters of Mrs Joe Gargery and Estella, and to a lesser extent, Molly, Jaggers servant. They all come from different backgrounds, and yet one deals out physical abuse to her husband and brother, one treats the main character with neglect and pretends to loathe him out of spite simply because hes madly in love with her, and the other murdered her newborn baby, of which examples can give us quite a good idea of Dickens attitudes to class as it shows that there is no difference in how nice a person is just because of their status in society. Dickens is trying to suggest that the idea that it was the social class that you were brought up in that defined your personality and character in later life was pure speculation and had no basis in truth whatsoever. It is therefore an opinion voicing not only Dickens personal and more subtly hidden opinions on women, but also another expression of his more widely-known opinions on the Social Class system of England in the Victorian era. Dickens had a sense of social justice in that he was a firm believer that the poor of the country were being treated horribly by the people further up the class system, and although he was no radical or revolutionist, he did believe that it was wrong and so voiced his opinions quite openly in his books concerning this issue. He went from working in a factory when he was twelve to a world renowned author in 30 years, and so held these beliefs firmly and was not merely passing abstract comment on these issues.

Models of Lesson Planning for Mathematics

Models of Lesson Planning for Mathematics Introduction Planning the word it contains more weightage as compared to any other word. We can only achieve any target often a proper planning strategy. In planning what is target to achieve is our goal with the available resources. Planning also plays an important role in teaching-learning process. While, doing a proper planning in teaching the class environment got relaxed, teacher enjoys the teaching because the atmosphere as well the situations are properly arranged. By doing an intelligent planning a teacher avoids frustrations. Classroom transactions are also got smooth by using the strategies in a proper manner. Planning for Instructional Process Need for Planning Teaching occupies the central core of your life as a teacher. The teaching includes instruction in classroom tutorials, laboratory, workshops, and excursions, etc. Where teaching is not just an activity to transfer the education to the student but it involves modification in the behavior of the student. While planning, teacher must keep in mind the emphasis may be given to equal Weightage to all the content, not that one should given more focus and other is ignored completely. Presentation of material in a logical, systematic, and effective way The planning must cover the adequate coverage of subject matter The objective may be achieved in the given time The time factor and effort must be low and relevant The strategies must involve maximum development of child in minimum resources Advantages of Planning Planning means systematic organization of subject matter, better utilization and proper presentation of the resource: It fosters self-confidence and pride in our work The aids are properly explained and used by teacher Planning for one subject helps in integrating with other subjects A wide development in thinking about teaching is helpful to bring an order of teaching. Strategies for Planning Systematic planning of teaching work requires systematic organization of time in the institution. This could be done on long term and short term basis. Long term Planning: Long term planning may be termed as academic work planning that is it for a whole which is to come yet. List of holidays for schools including restricted, gazettes etc. As well as the different program to be organize by the school in the coming year that is activities to be organized as per the festivals as well as the tour and trips for the students. All teachers are allotted with their concerned subjects to be taught by them for the whole year, so that teachers may frame out their plan according to their need. Such plan give a ordered and fresh look to teaching learning practice in school as it was organized at the beginning. Teachers also plan theory courses as well as for practical activities, projects, and science exhibitions etc. Now we can say that a yearly plan is based on course purpose, course concepts, units, lessons, and evaluation items. Short term Planning: There are the specific activities which are planned by teacher for making their teaching effective which includes framing the lesson plan, use of teaching aid, in between so that the time may be utilized properly while delivering the lesson. Deciding the time limit, appropriate examples, real life incidence, use of appropriate aid all are included in it. Designs of Lesson Planning Defining a Lesson The term lesson is described in many ways by different educationists or teachers. A teacher takes teaching as a job to cover syllabus in the classroom; every class has 6-7 periods in a day (in general, a period runs over 35-40 minutes). A lesson is defined as a blueprint, a guide map, a plan for action. Lesson is a sequencing of teaching acts or events or episode in organized manner to generate a learning environment for our students. The lesson contains topics and sub-topic with necessary contents to be taught to the students in the classroom. Definitions N.L.Bossing in his book â€Å"Teaching in Secondary Schools† proposes the following definition of a lesson plan: â€Å"Lesson plan is the title given to a statement of all achievements to be realized and specific means by which these are to be attained as a result of the activities engaged day to day under the guidance of the teacher.† The Dictionary of Education defines a lesson plan as a teaching outline of the important points of a lesson arranged in the order in which they are to be presented; it may include objectives, questions to be asked, references to materials, evaluation, assignments, etc. Now you must be clear in mind that lesson planning is a product of short term or micro level planning involving: Identification of definite objectives, Selection of appropriate content and activities, Selection of procedures and methods for presentation of the content, Selection of evaluation exercises and Selection of follow up activities, etc. Approaches to Lesson Planning Generally various approaches are used to make a lesson plan. These approaches are Herbartian approach, Unit approach, Evaluation approach, and Project approach. A brief description is provided:- Herbartian Approach is based on apperceptive mass theory of learning. All the knowledge and information is to be given from outside by the teacher because the student is considered similar to a clean slate. For the students, if an old knowledge makes a base for new knowledge (his previous knowledge or experiences), it may be acquired easily and retained for a longer period. Herbart has given five steps:- Introduction, Presentation, Organistation, Comparison, and evaluation. The main focus is on content presentation. Unit Approach of Morrison is based on unit transaction and planning. The Morrison’s lesson plan of teaching is cyclic; Morrison has given five steps for his ‘cyclephase’ of teaching:- Exploration, Presentation, Assimilation, Organisation, and Recitation. Evaluation Approach of B.S. Bloom in evaluation approach, education is objective centered not content centered. The focus in this approach is on objective based teaching and testing. It takes into consideration the learning objectives and teaching methods on the basis of the objectives and to assess learning outcomes. Then, a decision can be taken about objectives of learning are achieved or need to provide the revision. Project approach originated by Dewey and W.H.Kilpatrick stresses on group activity, social activity, self activity, and related to real life experiences. It is a pre-planned work completed by a person or group in social condition. Due to many reasons, it is not necessary that a lesson plan made by a teacher will be successful at every place and time. Many factors influence lesson planning such as Availability of teaching aids, Strength of students in the Class. Composition of the Class (Age wise). School Location (Area wise) The nature of the topic (Medium wise) etc. The list is not enough, few other factors from own experiences can be added. Writing a lesson Plan: Many written lesson plans are used by practicing teachers. A teacher needs some information about the class, students and their background before to attempt the lesson plan. In general, a Macro Lesson plan is divided into many stages/steps. We had introduced the approaches of lesson planning. Now, one can write a macro lesson plan based on different approaches. HERBARTIAN APPROACH The steps are given below: General information: regarding the topic, sub-topic, subject, time, class, and age level of children. Instructional Objectives (General Objectives and Specific Objectives): We know that at different grade levels, all subjects have general objectives, and specific objectives are written in behavioural terms. Specific Objectives focuses on the expected outcomes of teaching and the topic in a given time period. These specific objectives also known as instructional objectives, which are observable and measurable. It is required to identify the behavioural objectives and state these objectives in a clear and simple language. Instructional Aids: The development of a new lesson plan is based on the standard and knowledge of students. Instructional are used by the teacher to make understand the chapter or topic easily. One picture delivers the message of thousand words. Teacher assumes that the previous knowledge of students related to the content can test and teaching will become easy through aids. Introduction: in this step topic is introduced mainly through introductory questions or by creating the appropriate situations. New knowledge or information of students is linked with their previous knowledge by assuming and testing. Presentation: In presentation the ways of relevant content is presented. A teacher develops the lesson Plan by asking many questions and receiving responses presented by the students’. Students’ response helps the teacher for further presentation of the content. The presentation stage is interactive in the real classroom situation. It depends on teachers’ communication and teaching skills like questioning, explaining, giving demonstration and providing reinforcement on desirable student behaviour. Recapitulation: This step helps the teacher to find out the extent of learning that occurs during instruction. The teacher does this by asking several questions. This stage provides feedback to the teacher about the teaching learning process. Blackboard summary: In the classroom during the instruction, the board is used by the teacher to write the teaching points, summary and explanations. Board is used simultaneously when lesson is being delivered in the classroom. Home Assignment: At last, in the end of the teaching session, thought provoking, suitable questions or activities must be planned and given to the students. It gives a chance of revision or practice to the students. Home assignment also gives an opportunity to students to assimilate, whatever they have learned. 3. EVALUATION APPROACH The design of lesson plan according to this approach consists of three aspects: Input, Process and Output. Input: It contains the identification of objectives in behavioral terms. These are known as Expected Behavioural Outcomes (EBOs). During this the entering behavior of the learners is also identified. With the help of instructional objectives, the sequence of instructional procedure is determined. These objectives are classified into four categories: Knowledge, Understanding, Application and Creativity. These objectives can be transformed in behavioural terms. Process: This is an interactive stage when teacher actually communicating with students in the classroom. For effective presentation of the content, teacher has to choose different teaching strategies, audio-visual, and all support materials. Output: This aspect of instructional procedure refers to real learning outcomes (RLOs). This is equivalent to terminal behaviour which is measured by using oral and written questions. This aspect is considered for measuring of the desirable change in behaviour of students. Illustration of Lesson Plan Format of Presentation: Effective teaching needs proper planning, transaction in the classroom and feedback. Practically there are three stages of a planned lesson: Pre-active, Interactive, and Post- Active. Pre-active stage is a stage of planning before going to the classroom. The Interactive stage is a stage of interaction between teacher and students in the real classroom situation. Post active stage is a stage of self evaluation of our teaching work. There is not be a single format for writing a lesson plan because it varies from teacher to teacher and subject to subject, the only thing which can be suggested is that it should be a well-organised structure, it follows basic fundamental parts of a lesson. Some of the formats based on different approaches to lesson planning. Teachers’ are free to make changes according to the objectives you plan to achieve and the nature of the subject etc. (i) Herbartian Lesson Plan Format Subject: Date: Unit: School: Topic: Class: Duration: Period: General Objectives: Specific Objectives: Teaching Aids: Method: Previous Knowledge: Introduction: Statement of the Topic/Aim: Presentation or Development of the Lesson: OR Recapitulation: Black Board Summary: Home Assignment: Reference: Note: Order of S. No. 1 to 5 may be changed according to your needs. In presentation/development objectives, teaching-learning activities and evaluation are in relation to particular teaching point/content. If evaluation of students learning is done for each teaching act/episode, then you may ignore recapitulation at the fag end of the lesson. Black board summary should be developed as the lesson progresses. ii) Blooms or Evaluation Lesson Plan Format Subject: Date: Unit: School: Lesson: Class: Duration: Specific Objectives: Previous Knowledge: Introduction: Statement of the Topic/Aim: Presentation: 6) Evaluation: 7) Home Work: 8) References: Note The objectives are to be written in behavioural terms. The teaching activities are to be related to the learning structures. Black Board Summary should be developed as the lesson progresses. iii) RCEM Lesson Plan Format Date: Subject: School: Unit: Class: Topic/Lesson: Duration: Concepts : Teaching Aids : Previous Knowledge : Introduction: Statement of the Aim/Topic : Presentation: Black Board Summary: Home Assignment: References: Note RCEM is Regional College of Education, Mysore. Concepts are to be identified through content analysis. Black Board Summary to be developed as the lesson progresses. Characteristics of Lesson Plan You may plan your lesson based on any format discussed above, but a good lesson plan must have following characteristics: It must be flexible; Its contents are organized in the light of attainable objectives; It is rich with respect to students activities and evaluation exercises; It has link with the previous and future lesson; It includes relevant home assignment and activities for students.

Critique of the 2007 WCRF Report on Cancer Prevention Essay -- Health,

The Internationally acclaimed World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) International in London, UK, is considered among many scientists, to be the leader in the unification of charities dedicated to cancer research. (Beck, et al., 296). Beck, Thompson and Allen summarized the 2007 WCRF information and statistics from around the world on cancer prevention in their paper, â€Å"Policy and Action for Cancer Prevention -- Highlights from a New Report by the World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research.† Cancer in its many forms is on the rise globally; in 2007 there were 11.3 million cases of cancer and this number is expected to rise to 15.5 million cases by 2030 (296). There are two main reasons for the increase in this deadly disease; â€Å"populations of many countries are aging†¦ [and] the populations of many countries are†¦ consuming more foods and drinks that promote weight gain, leading to a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity† (296). One of the main purposes of their Policy Report is to provide the public with information that helps achieve â€Å"health goals for reducing cancer risk† (296). The WCRF suggests policies that protect life at all stages and in this report â€Å"special emphasis† (298) was placed on policies to help children, young women and mothers achieve higher standards in nutrition thereby reducing their risk of cancer. Many scientists are in agreement now that lifestyle with emphasis on proper nutrition is a key factor in reducing the risk of cancer. The 2007 WCRF Report was compiled by a panel of 23 international experts on cancer prevention, who closely examined evidence from a 2007 Diet and Cancer report. There were an additional two professionals on the panel with expert experience in policy. ... ...he World Cancer Research Fund And The American Institute For Cancer Research." Nutrition Bulletin 34.3 (2009): 296-302. CINAHL. Web. 22 Jan. 2012. Holman, Dawn M, and Mary C White. "Dietary Behaviors Related To Cancer Prevention Among Pre-Adolescents And Adolescents: The Gap Between Recommendations And Reality." Nutrition Journal 10.(2011): 60. MEDLINE. Web. 23 Jan. 2012. Tercyak, Kenneth P, and Vida L Tyc. "Opportunities And Challenges In The Prevention And Control Of Cancer And Other Chronic Diseases: Children's Diet And Nutrition And Weight And Physical Activity." Journal Of Pediatric Psychology 31.8 (2006): 750-763. MEDLINE. Web. 23 Jan. 2012. James R Cerhan, et al. "Factors Associated With Breast Cancer Prevention Communication Between Mothers And Daughters." Journal Of Women's Health (2002) 17.6 (2008): 1017-1023. MEDLINE. Web. 22 Jan. 2012.

The Samurai and the Bushido Code Essay -- Japan, Elite Warriors, Bushi

The samurai were à ©lite warriors in Japan during the 1200’s to the early 1700’s. Fifth century Japan saw conflicts with Korea and China, but Japan had a very untrained army, with a clumsy Calvary, and poor infantry men (Blumberg 1). The reason was that horses were seen as a burden and were never bred to be strong, fast, and large for war purposes (Blumberg 2). In the 6th and 9th centuries, a series of rebellions in Japan began from the Emishi people of the northern home islands; these country people were very well-trained in mounted archery. The nimble Emishi would defeat the Japanese riders with ease (Blumberg 2). But during the war against the Emishi, Japan learned to breed horses for fighting, adapted new fighting methods, and developed new weapons. They replaced the slow, straight-sword with two curved blades that were faster and lighter. For the next 350 years, infantry was replaced with mounted archers, and we start to see the 13th century samurai form (Blumber g 3). The Bushido Code, the code that all samurai follow, helped form medieval Japan. The warrior class and ruling class in the 13th century to the 17th century were known as the samurai (Clark 1). The samurai were skilled in archery, swordsmanship, horseback riding, and martial arts: the ability to kill with their bare hands (Clark 2). The two swords that the samurai used were the katana, a curved, medium-sized blade used for two-handed combat, and the wakizashi, a dagger or small-bladed weapon for thrusting (Blumberg 7). The samurai specialized in mounted archery as well. They had a medium sized, very flexible bow that made firing arrows from a horse easier. With Japan's newly trained and bred horses, along with the discipline of the samurai, it made for an uns... ... the enemy's foot soldiers were close, the samurai would dismount and use their swords (Blumberg 9). That would change in the 15th century when the Chinese started to use an early version of the musket. The Japanese then had to change their fighting techniques to use spears so as not to have to dismount their horses. This was useful, since they could charge without stop, allowing them more time in between the Chinese gunfire (Blumberg 12). The Bushido Code has been around since the 13th century and is the way of the samurai. The samurai was a powerful ruling class and warrior class in medieval Japan. The samurai were powerful warriors with great respect and ethics for their country. They impacted modern Japan by passing on the high ethical and moral standards still recognized today, and it is the reason why Japan is one of the friendliest countries in the world.

The Great Depression :: American History, Maycomb

It is a foggy window located in the soul through gained experiences that sees prejudice. It does not only influence and revolute sight, rather affects thought and actions. Everyone is given the opportunity to look out the window, but not all can see beyond the fogginess. The fog may be a mixture of race, gender, beliefs or behaviours. The major themes in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird relates back to presumptions and biases; the rich rejecting the poor because of their economic level of life in the Great Depression, whites discriminating against blacks, and people gossiping innocents which result a weak foundation and an unpleasing relation among the Maycomb’s society causing undeveloped individuals to live in an unsafe environment. The Great Depression caused the poor to become poorer while the rich were not affected as much. Some of the rich, such as Aunt Alexandra, misunderstood people because of their economic life. Her different point of view is clearly displayed when she rejects Walter Cunningham, a poor boy, saying, â€Å"...they're good folks. But they're not our kind of folks" (Lee 224). Aunt Alexandra, believing that the Cunninghams are beneath the Finches’ economic level, ignores Scout’s aspect of friendship toward Walter disliking him "because-he-is-trash" (Lee 224). She is regardless of the Cunninghams’ hard work to pay back Atticus in â€Å"the only way [they could]† (Lee 21). Aunt Alexandra results negatively on Walter making him dislike of being a Cunningham, on Scout by decreasing from her relations with her classmates and friends, and on Maycomb by developing an unsafe society for country folks to leave because they have to deal with unnecessary factors like money to avoid the rich prejudices. Maycomb is known guilty for its racist atmosphere where blacks are lower than the whites. However, not all of the white community discriminated black. For example, Atticus stands up for Tom Robinson regardless of Mrs. Dubose’s hurtful words saying Atticus is â€Å"no better than the n*ggers and trash he works for!† (Lee 102) It is obvious that Atticus is one of the most reliable and honourable citizens of Maycomb. Mrs. Dubose’s evaluation on Atticus results negatively on other neighbours and clearly hurts Calpurnia’s feelings. An example of this racial prejudice is found Scout’s words saying that â€Å"[Tom is] just a Negro† (Lee 199). Scout’s words are evidences to the unsafe society for kids to develop. Another example is found while Aunt Alexandra is convincing Atticus to dismiss Calpurnia, although Atticus tells her that â€Å"Calpurnia’s not leaving this house until she wants to† (Lee 137).

Homosexuality and God Essay

LGBT is an initialism that collectively refers to the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community. In use since the 1990s, the term LGBT is an adaptation of the initialism â€Å"LGB†, which itself started replacing the phrase gay community beginning in the mid-to-late 1980s, which many within the community in question felt did not accurately represent all those to whom it referred. The initialism has become mainstream as a self-designation and has been adopted by the majority â€Å"sexuality and gender identity-based† community centers and media in the United States and some other English-speaking countries. The term LGBT is intended to emphasize a diversity of â€Å"sexuality and gender identity-based cultures† and is sometimes used to refer to anyone who is non-heterosexual or cisgender instead of exclusively to people who are homosexual, bisexual, or transgender. To recognize this inclusion, a popular variant adds the letter Q for those who identify as queer and/or are questioning their sexual identity as â€Å"LGBTQ†, recorded since 1996. In Malaysia, LGBT rights are partially recognized. LGBT individuals encompass all races and ethnicities, religions, and social classes. Sexual orientation and gender identity questions are not asked on most national or State surveys, making it difficult to estimate the number of LGBT individuals and their health needs. Research suggests that LGBT individuals face health disparities linked to societal stigma, discrimination, and denial of their civil and human rights. Discrimination against LGBT persons has been associated with high rates of psychiatric disorders, substance abuse, and suicide. Experiences of violence and victimization are frequent for LGBT individuals, and have long-lasting effects on the individual and the community. Personal, family, and social acceptance of sexual orientation and gender identity affects the mental health and personal safety of LGBT individuals. It is important to recognize the difference between sexual orientation and sexual behavior as well as the differences among sexual orientation, gender identity, and gender role. Sexual orientation is the affectional or loving attraction to another person. It can be considered as ranging along a continuum from same-sex attraction only at one end of the continuum to pposite-sex attraction only at the other end. Heterosexuality is the attraction to persons of the opposite sex; homosexuality, to persons of the same sex; and bisexuality, to both sexes. Sexual orientation can be seen as part of a continuum ranging from same-sex attraction only (at one end of the continuum) to opposite-sex attraction only (at the other end of the continuum). Sexual behavior, or sexual activity, differs from sexual orientation and alone does not define someone as an LGBT individual. Any person may be capable of sexual behavior with a person of the same or opposite sex, but an individual knows his or her longings—erotic and affectional—and which sex is more likely to satisfy those needs. It is necessary to draw a distinction between sexual orientation and sexual behavior. Not every person with a homosexual or bisexual orientation is sexually active. A person’s sexual orientation does not tell us if she/he is sexually active or does it define her /his specific sexual behaviors. Similarly, sexual behavior alone does not define orientation. A personal awareness of having a sexual orientation that is not exclusively heterosexual is one way a person identifies herself or himself as an LGBT person. Or a person may have a sexual identity that differs from his or her biological sex—that is, a person may have been born a male but identifies and feels more comfortable as a female. Sexual orientation and gender identity are two independent variables in an individual’s definition of himself or herself. Sexual identity is the personal and unique way that a person perceives his or her own sexual desires and sexual expressions. Biological sex is the biological distinction between men and women. Gender is the concept of maleness and masculinity or femaleness and femininity. One’s gender identity is the sense of one’s self as male or female and does not refer to one’s sexual orientation or gender role. Sex refers to the biological characteristics of a person at birth, while gender relates to his or her perception of being male or female and is known as the gender role. Gender role refers to the behaviors and desires to act in certain ways that are viewed as masculine or feminine by a particular culture. A culture usually labels behaviors as masculine or feminine, but these behaviors are not necessarily a direct component of gender or gender identity. It is common in our culture to call the behaviors, styles, or interests shown by males that are usually associated with women â€Å"effeminate† and to call the boys who behave this way â€Å"sissies. Women or girls who have interests usually associated with men are labeled â€Å"masculine† or â€Å"butch,† and the girls are often called â€Å"tomboys. † Transsexuals are people with the biological characteristics of one sex who identify themselves as the opposite gender and have had some type of surgical alteration and/or hormone treatments that changes their bodies’ appearance in alignment with their identity. While understanding the various concepts used in sexual orientation in general, it is very imperative to define in specific details definition of LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender) accordingly. Lesbian which is originally a Greek word, is a term most widely used in the English language to describe sexual and romantic desire between females. The word may be used as a noun, to refer to women who identify themselves or who are characterized by others as having the primary attribute of female homosexuality, or as an adjective, to describe characteristics of an object or activity related to female same-sex desire. Lesbian as a concept, used to differentiate women with a shared sexual orientation, is a 20th-century construct. Gay is a romantic or sexual attraction or behavior toward/between males. Gay is a word (a noun or an adjective) that primarily refers to a homosexual person. The word â€Å"gay† arrived in English during the 12th century from Old French gai, most likely deriving ultimately from a Germanic source. The term was originally used to refer to feelings of being â€Å"carefree†, â€Å"happy†, or â€Å"bright and showy†; it had also come to acquire some connotations of â€Å"immorality† as early as 1637. The term’s use as a reference to homosexuality may date as early as the late 19th century, but its use gradually increased in the 20th century. In modern English, gay has come to be used as an adjective, and as a noun, referring to the people, especially to men, and the practices and cultures associated with homosexuality. By the end of the 20th century, the word gay was recommended by major LGBT groups and style guides to describe people attracted to members of the same sex. Bisexuality is romantic or sexual attraction or behavior toward males and females. The term is especially used in the context of human sexual attraction to denote romantic or sexual feelings toward men and women. It is one of the three main classifications of sexual orientation, along with a heterosexual and a homosexual orientation, all a part of the heterosexual–homosexual continuum. People who have a distinct but not exclusive sexual preference for one sex over the other may identify themselves as bisexual. Transgender is a general term applied to a variety of individuals, behaviors, and groups involving tendencies to vary from culturally conventional gender roles. Transgender is the state of one’s â€Å"gender identity (self-identification as woman, man, neither or both) not matching ones â€Å"assigned sex† (identification by others as male, female or intersex based on physical/genetic sex). †Transgender† does not imply any specific form of sexual orientation; transgender people may identify as heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, pansexual, polysexual, or asexual; some may consider conventional sexual orientation labels inadequate or inapplicable to them. The precise definition for transgender remains in flux, but includes: â€Å"Of, relating to, or designating a person whose identity does not conform unambiguously to conventional notions of male or female gender roles, but combines or moves between these. † â€Å"People who were assigned a sex, usually at birth and based on their genitals, but who feel that this is a false or incomplete description of themselves. † â€Å"Non-identification with, or non-presentation as, the sex (and assumed gender) one was assigned at birth. A transgender individual may have characteristics that are normally associated with a particular gender, identify elsewhere on the traditional gender continuum, or exist outside of it as â€Å"other†, â€Å"agender†, â€Å"Genderqueer†, or â€Å"third gender†. Sexuality and gender have different impacts in each culture’s laws, attitudes, and organizations. More secular and â€Å"modernized† societies often h ave more favorable treatment of LGBT individuals than societies which value tradition and religious piety. However, accurate generalizations are difficult to make; even within Malaysia, attitudes towards LGBT individuals vary from person to person. Cultural differences in LGBT issues have wide-ranging effects. Other cultures may have different ways of expressing affection—for example, in India, it is common for same-sex friends to hold hands without any assumption of a romantic connection—or of categorizing gender and sexuality—for example, in parts of Latin America, a man is not considered gay if he engages in same-sex intercourse as the insertive artner. Thus, American English terms and conceptualizations of LGBT issues may not directly translate. The visibility of LGBT individuals and organizations varies by culture. Some cultures have an underground LGBT scene where LGBT individuals are tolerated as long as they remain mainly closeted, whereas other cultures may have a more open and organized community of LGBT individuals. In addition, some cultures may provide legal protection for LGBT individuals and recognize their partnerships, while other cultures may criminalize same-sex intercourse. Globally in some country; For example in Malaysia, Cross-dressing(Gender identity/expression) is not technically a crime. However, transgender individuals have often been arrested by police officers under the civil laws governing â€Å"public indecency†, and if they are Muslim, can be further charged by religious officers under Sharia Laws for â€Å"impersonating† women. For example, in 1998, Forty-five Muslim transvestites were charged and convicted in court for dressing as women, and twenty-three more transgender persons faced similar fines and imprisonment in 1999. Finally, there may be major differences within the LGBT community in a specific culture; for example, in parts of southeastern Asia it is considered culturally acceptable for a man to have sex with a feminine transgendered man, while there are no such provisions for women having sex with transgendered women. Homosexuality: The Christian Perspective (LESBIAN, GAY & Bisexuality) In a world of moral confusion and ethical compromise, the principles for which the Holy Bible stands, is directing the Christians in the right path to God and the way of life. The Christian point of view is based solely upon the Bible, the divinely inspired Word of God. A truly Christian standard of ethics is the conduct of divine revelation, not of statistical research or of public opinion. For the Christian, the Bible is the final authority for both belief and behaviour. The Explicitly the Bible teach about homosexuality can be considered as basic because, if we accept God’s Word on the subject of homosexuality, we benefit from His adequate answer to this problem as seen in Christianity. This project is concerned only with the Christian or biblical view of homosexuality. The Bible has much to say about sex sins in general for a view in Homosexuality in Christian perspective. First, there is adultery. Adultery in the natural sense is sexual intercourse of a married person with someone other than his or her own spouse. It is condemned in both the Old and New Testaments (Exodus 20:14; I Cor. 6:9, 10). Christ forbids dwelling upon the thoughts, the free play of one’s imagination that leads to adultery (Matthew 5:28). Second, there is fornication, the illicit sex acts of unmarried persons which is likewise forbidden (I Corinthians 5:1; 6:13, 18; Ephesians 5:3). Then there is homosexuality which likewise is condemned in Scripture. The Apostle Paul, writing by inspiration of the Holy Spirit, declares that homosexuality â€Å"shall not inherit the kingdom of God† (I Corinthians 6:9; 10). Now Paul does not single out the homosexual as a special offender. He includes fornicators, idolators, adulterers, thieves, covetous persons, drunkards, revilers and extortioners. And then he adds the comment that some of the Christians at Corinth had been delivered from these very practices: â€Å"And such were some of you: But ye are washed, but ye are sanctified, but ye are justified in the name of the Lord Jesus, and by the spirit of our God† (I Corinthians 6:11). All of the sins mentioned in this passage are condemned by God, but just as there was hope in Christ for the Corinthians, so is there hope for all of us. Homosexuality is an illicit lust forbidden by God. He said to His people Israel, â€Å"Thou shalt not lie with mankind, as with womankind: it is abomination† (Leviticus 18:22). If a man also lie with mankind, as he lieth with a woman, both of them have committed an abomination: they shall surely be put to death; their blood shall be upon them† (Leviticus 20:13). In these passages homosexuality is condemned as a prime example of sin, a sexual perversion. The Christian can neither alter God’s viewpoint nor depart from it. In the Bible sodomy is a synonym for homosexuality. God spoke plainly on the matter when He said, â€Å"There shall be no whore of the daughters of Israel, nor a sodomite of the sons of Israel† (Deuteronomy 23:17). The whore and the sodomite are in the same category. A sodomite was not an inhabitant of Sodom nor a descendant of an inhabitant of Sodom, but a man who had given himself to homosexuality, and the unnatural vice for which Sodom was known. Let us look at the passages in question: â€Å"But before they lay down, the men of the city, even the men of Sodom, compassed the house around, old and young, all the people from every quarter: And they called unto Lot, and said unto him, Where are the men hich came in to thee this night? Bring them out unto us, that we may know them. And Lot went out at the door unto them, and shut the door after him, And said, I pray you, brethren, do not so wickedly. Behold now, I have two daughters which have not known man; let me, I pray you, bring them out unto you, and do ye to them as is good in your eyes: only unto these men do nothing; for therefore came they under the shadow of my roof. (Genesis 19:4-8)† The Hebrew word for â€Å"know† in v erse 5 is yada`, a sexual term. It is used frequently to denote sexual intercourse (Genesis 4:1, 17, 25; Matthew 1:24, 25). The message in the context of Genesis 19 is clear. Lot pled with the men to â€Å"do not so wickedly. † Homosexuality is wickedness and must be recognized as such else there is no hope for the homosexual who is asking for help to be extricated from his sinful way of life. Romans 1:24-27; I Timothy 1:10 and Jude 7. If one takes these Scriptures seriously, homosexuality will be recognized as an evil. The Romans passage is unmistakably clear. Paul attributes the moral depravity of men and women to their rejection of â€Å"the truth of God† (1:25). They refused â€Å"to retain God in their knowledge† (1:28), thereby dethroning God and deifying themselves. The Old Testament had clearly condemned homosexuality but in Paul’s day there were those persons who rejected its teaching. Because of their rejection of God’s commands He punished their sin by delivering them over to it. The philosophy of substituting God’s Word with one’s own reasoning commenced with Satan. He introduced it at the outset of the human race by suggesting to Eve that she ignore God’s orders, assuring her that in so doing she would become like God with the power to discern good and evil (Genesis 3:1-5). That was Satan’s big lie. Paul said that when any person rejects God’s truth, his mind becomes â€Å"reprobate,† meaning void of sound judgment. The reprobate mind, having rejected God’s truth, is not capable of discerning good and evil. In Romans 1:26-31 twenty-three punishable sins are listed with homosexuality leading the list. Paul wrote, â€Å"For this cause God gave them up into vile affections: for even their women did change the natural use into that which is against nature: And likewise also the men, leaving the natural use of the woman, burned in their lust one toward another; men with men working that which is unseemly, and receiving in themselves that recompense of their error which was meet. † (Romans 1:26, 27). These verses are telling us that homosexuals suffer in their body and personality the inevitable consequences of their wrong doing. Notice that the behaviour of the homosexual is described as a â€Å"vile affection† (1:26). The Greek word translated â€Å"vile† (atimia) means filthy, dirty, evil, and dishonourable. The word â€Å"affection† in Greek is pathos, used by the Greeks of either a good or bad desire. Here in the context of Romans it is used in a bad sense. The â€Å"vile affection† is a degrading passion, a shameful lust. Both the desire (lusting after) and the act of homosexuality are condemned in the Bible as sin.

Homeless graduates and Joblessness

Homelessness defines a situation in which a person or a family is living without a home to have their privacy. A home is a basic requirement for every individual to live their life comfortably. It is a place where individual’s basic requirements are fulfilled and provide a healthful environment. In USA it must be a legally owned place to have a safe condition for living.  Currently in United States there are many people who are homeless and among them many our graduates and educated people who do not have living. They might be an individual with no other support or a family with not enough resources to rent or buy a house.The term homelessness is not just limited to the meaning of â€Å"without a home†, but it has a very broad meaning covering mostly that population who is without a job, has no living, no support, and might be suffering from health issues.  Such homeless graduates either live on streets or shelters. Such people may suffer from a mental illness or ph ysical illness due to lack of safety health measures and support. They may face a number of psychological and physiological problems.JoblessnessThis is the major cause of homeless graduates. They do not get adequate job and earnings to have their own home. Such guys spend their time on streets, bars, shelters, and many other such places. The one or the other way they just waste their time. Joblessness may be due to their low score at school, any kind of disorder, inability to cope with job and inadequate pay.Mental illnessHomeless graduates might be suffering from mental illness and psychological problems like depression, stress, insomnia, drug abuse, alcohol abuse and criminal activities. According to one study around 40% of these homeless graduates suffer from various mental ailments. A number of studies have shown that suicidal rate is also high in such individuals.Drug & alcohol abuseDrug abuse and alcohol abuse are the two major problems with homeless graduates. As they do not have a job and most of their time is wasted in bars and streets they easily get addicted with drugs and alcohol.Due to increasingly stress for work and pay they become psychologically depressed. The only way they find out is to have some kind of addiction in order to forget their worries. Such graduates when start on drugs and alcohol are usually unaware of its damaging outcomes and health hazards.Hospital and medical expenditureDue to excessive health hazards their expenses for stay at the hospital and medicines are also very high. These expenses are usually bear by the shelters where they live or donation by charity organizations.Marital statusTheir marital status is also at doldrums. As they cannot support their spouse and children, they easily get differences with them.  Strategies to solve this increasing problem of homelessness is first to give them adequate education to improve their grades in college. Every graduate must be assured of a job after they complete their educat ion.  Graduates can be hired as trainee at first to give them proper training after school to get acquainted with their job.  Homeless graduates must have enough support that should cover their health problems. In addition, their environment must be safe enough in order to prevent any health hazards.Educating such people about hazards of drug and alcohol abuse:As they’re not aware of the damaging effects of drugs and alcohol they start consuming them in abundance. Later when they encounter several health problems it becomes really problematic for the shelter supporting staff and the individual himself to manage health issues.  If measures will be taken to inform them about the dangerous effects of drugs and alcohol then heavy costs of treatment can be saved.The reason for writing this letter is to bring to your awareness these problems in homeless people is every growing. It must be noted that if the concerned authorities do not take appropriate measure to stop this pro blem then this situation can become adverse. As more and more people are graduating and homeless kids are reaching their youth this problem does not seem to be ending.  If a homeless person remains jobless and homeless for long period of time then they can become more, dependant, dysfunctional and a burden to a society.It is of utmost importance that some steps must be taken at your earliest to stop ever growing problems of homeless graduates. The first thing is that to enhance their education, bring awareness about hazards of drugs and alcohol, brining health awareness, awareness about exercising and methods to become more useful.  The most important point is that they must participate in any type of activities. Like communal activities, sports activities and volunteer their time in supporting others with handicap.  If a person can become a useful individual of a society in any form then it will be a spiritual satisfaction and a peace of mind for both the individual and the s ociety.ReferencesYesilonis, Bryan. (2007) Report on Homelessness. Retrieved from http://www.bethesda-mission.org/report.htmHomeless Families Program, USA. Retrieved from http://www.valdosta.edu/~clengleh/writingsample.htm

Discuss the various perceptions of love in Shakespeare’s Romeo Essay

Discuss the various perceptions of love in Shakespeare’s Romeo & Juliet. Then choose two contrasting examples from scenes you have discussed and explain how you would stage them to show these contrasts. William Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet in 1595. When it was written, Shakespeare was quite young, 31, already five years into his career. Queen Elizabeth I was on the throne at the time, and many of the characteristics of Elizabethan lifestyle are included within the play. In the Elizabethan times, it was not unusual for people to get married and have children young. In the play Lady Capulet says, â€Å"By my count, I was your mother much upon these years,† to Juliet, who appears to be about 12 years old. She is telling Juliet that she was already a mother at Juliet’s age, implying she should be getting ready to marry now. Women were also not considered of much importance in those days. They were not as ‘important’ as men, and just used for sex, which plays a big part in the topic of conversation between characters throughout the play. Women/girls also had to obey their fathers until they got married, and then obey their husbands when they did get married. It was a very male dominant era. Romeo and Juliet is partly a comedy, tragedy and history. It is a tragedy obviously because of all the death in it. It is a comedy because of the irony and contrast the characters raise, and also because of the humour some characters like Mercutio and the Nurse bring into the play. It is a history as well because of the fact it was written a long time ago, and has historical contents in it. There is a great deal of love and passion in this play, but not all the same. Different characters have different perceptions of love, and different passions. The play is also as much about hate as it is about love, which is a very important element. Shakespeare puts emphasis on themes such as the relationship of love and hate and old and young. This is what I will be analysing in the essay. The play tells the story of Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet; the children of two rival families living in Verona, who fall in love and get married without their families knowing. The hatred felt by their families leads to the death of five people. Two of who are Romeo and Juliet, the star-crossed lovers who die because they want to be together but cant be. It shows the young as they struggle to escape from the morass of hatred created by their elders. The ancient family feud makes Romeo and Juliet’s union even more significant as they both hate each other’s families, but manage to overcome it when they meet each other. This play represents ‘true love’ because it shows pure hatred turn into pure love. Romeo and Juliet went against everything they were brought up with and gave up their lives to be together. Romeo is a very passionate person when we first meet him, and his passion stays throughout the play. We do learn however, that Romeo is very impulsive, and acts on this impulsive streak very often, and it leads him to do some stupid things, which I will show further on in the essay. The first reference to love in the play is in the opening scene where we meet Sampson and Gregory (two Capulet servants). They are both very vulgar and crude characters and show this straight away when they are talking about the Montague women. In lines 17-20, Sampson says, â€Å"Tis true, and therefore women being the weaker vessels are ever thrust to the wall. Therefore I will push Montague’s men from the wall, and thrust his maids to the wall. † This is where the punning becomes sexual. He is implying that he will assault the Montague maids against the wall. Later on in lines 27-28, he says, â€Å"Ay, the heads of the maids, or their maidenheads- take it in what sense thou wilt. † Here he is saying that he will either chop off the heads of the Montague maids, or rape them, depending on what he feels like. Their behaviour shows that they do not actually think of love itself, and only think of sex. They view women as mere objects to serve their pleasure. They are not the only bawdy characters in the play to have this perception of women and love thought. In act two, scene one (lines 34-38); Mercutio is making fun of Romeo’s talk of love for Rosaline. He talks about a ‘Medlar tree’, and describes sex as a ‘Medlar fruit’. He is saying that Romeo really wishes Rosalie were a Medlar fruit, even though he says he loves her, all he really wants is sex. This is probably because this is all Mercutio sees love as. The Nurse is another one of these characters. She constantly talks about the physical side of marriage. To her, love is merely about sex and having babies. For Sampson, Gregory, Mercutio and the Nurse, love is something non-emotional, and they have obviously never experienced love like Romeo and Juliet’s. Love for Romeo and Juliet is very emotionally bonded, and they cannot live without each other. This however does not mean there is no physical element to their relationship. Romeo and Juliet eagerly look forward to the physical side. This can be seen in act three, scene two, lines 1-30, where Juliet is looking forward to her wedding night, or her â€Å"love-performing night. † But even this is altered by their love into something of which Mercutio, the Nurse and the servants know nothing of. In act one, scene one, Romeo’s parents show parental love when they are concerned about him. The first evidence to show they care about Romeo is in lines 118-119, where Lady Montague says, â€Å"Right glad I am he (Romeo) was not at this fray,† meaning she was glad that Romeo was not involved in the fight that had just happened. In lines 133-144, Montague talks about Romeo’s worrying behaviour. He says that he is always crying, distances himself from everyone else, and shuts out light, making himself â€Å"an artificial night†. Montague is obviously worried about his son’s behaviour, and asks Benvolio if he could talk to Romeo because he does not understand him. This doesn’t mean however, that he does not care how Romeo feels, but he evidently does. It just shows the contrast between young and old. The first time we meet Romeo, he seems very sad and down (in the exact state his father describes him to be in). he is sad because he is ‘in love’. For Romeo, being in love (at this stage in the play) is a very painful, negative thing, especially because here there is a situation of unrequited love. However, by studying Romeo’s language in this scene, I believe that he is not in love with ‘Rosaline’, but infact in love with the idea of love itself. The fact that he does not say Rosaline’s name once, but talks about being in love, shows that the she is irrelevant. Romeo’s doting over Rosaline is introduced to show the difference between love and infatuation. He talks about love as a painful situation to be in, as shown in lines 195-196, â€Å"A madness most discreet, a choking gall, and a preserving sweet. † This changes drastically though, when he meets Juliet. From the second he sees Juliet (in act one scene five); you can see he has changed. He suddenly speaks in a more positive tone, with more positive views on Juliet not just of love. â€Å"O she doth teach the torches to burn bright. † Romeo is referring to Juliet as an actual person, whereas before he was talking about being in love (supposedly with Rosaline), but never refers to her as a person. On meeting Juliet he experiences ‘love at first sight’. He goes on to say, â€Å"For I ne’er saw true beauty till this night†. This shows that he has forgotten about Rosaline already, almost like she never existed. Romeo constantly compares Juliet to a saint throughout the play, â€Å"O then dear saint. † He has made Juliet out to be the most important person (to him), in the matter of minutes. In their first meeting, Romeo and Juliet share a sonnet (lines 94-107). This immediately shows the connection of love and harmony that exists between them. In the sonnet, love as a religion seems to be the key subject, and Romeo talks about it so passionately. He refers to Juliet as a â€Å"holy shrine†, and his lips â€Å"Two blushing pilgrims†. By studying Romeo’s language here, and that of which he used when we first met him, you can see that his feelings have gone from being self-centred, self deceiving and essentially negative, to less self-centred, genuine and sincere passion, positively approached when he meets Juliet. The love between Romeo and Juliet is different from any other in the play, because both share the same view on love. It is so strong that they fought through everything to be together and when they weren’t they felt empty and sad. No one else in the play shows love for anything this deep. The words Romeo and Juliet use when flirting with each other emphasise their love for one another. They use words to do with the body â€Å"lips, hands, palms†, religion â€Å"pilgrims, saints, prayer, devotion and holy† then they put both ideas together, â€Å"holy palmers’ kiss† and â€Å"saints lips†. Romeo is trying to ‘woo’ Juliet with romantic gestures.   

Obesity and the Media Essay

Although advertisers and the media have a huge impact on the issue of childhood obesity, the parents have the final call on what their children eat and don’t eat. It is the parents who give in to their children’s whining and give them what they want just to please them. Childhood obesity starts when the children are old enough to realize that they can get their way when they cry for something. It is the parents’ responsibility to lead by example and teach their children healthy eating habits at a young age. If the parents have unhealthy eating habits and include fast food and fried food in their diet on a regular basis, it is likely that their children will do the same. Kids will get accustomed to eating whatever is made available for them in their home. It is the parents’ job to provide healthy snack options so that their children can get used to healthy habits at early ages. When children are first attracted to the fast food ads at a very young age, it is often because they are attracted to the toys such as the ones offered in â€Å"happy meals.† Another reason why fast food is so popular is because it is a quick and easy meal when people are busy or don’t feel like cooking dinner. My solution to these issues would be to create a fast food chain that offered healthier options. That way, when people want to drive through and order something quick, they would be able to do so while still eating healthy. These restaurants would also offer children’s meals that include a toy, which would promote staying active, and eating healthy. The advertisement that I created is for a healthy fast food restaurant called Chick-A-Dees. This restaurant would offer all natural foods, rather than deep-fried options. The ad uses bright colors and cartoon characters to get children’s attention. It also promises a toy with every kid’s meal and advertises a jungle gym for kids to play on when they come to the restaurant. If restaurants opened that made healthy food seem exciting and fun to kids, they would definitely be more likely to want to try it or even like it. The advertising of toys that are included in kids’ meals at fast food restaurants is a main reason that young kids want to go to these places. However, there are many other toys for children that are advertised on television everyday, which encourage unhealthy eating habits. Among these are: the Easy Bake Oven, Popcorn Basketball, Smores Stick, Marshmallow Gun, Girls Gourmet Candy Jewel Factory Oven, 1000 Piece Candy Jigsaw, Counting Cookies, Mix and Match Doughnuts, and McDonalds Drive Through Food Cart. (The Toy Zone) All of these toys cause children to associate unhealthy eating with fun, which is a main contributing factor to the issue of childhood obesity. The KidsHealth article makes a great point about how parents need to act as role models and demonstrate to their kids proper serving size, how to enjoy treats in moderation, and exercising regularly. This is so true; bad habits start when the child is very young, and over time they become more difficult to squash. The article mentions some habits that parents should get their kids used to such as: have regular family meals, serve a variety of healthy foods and snacks, be a role model by eating healthy yourself, avoid battles over food, and involve kids in the process. Regular family meals have a huge impact on preventing unhealthy eating habits. If the family makes it their goal to sit down for dinner together even 4 days a week, it would make all the difference. As the article titled Childhood Obesity states, â€Å"children are getting more of their food away from home.† Making family meals a regular part of the routine would prevent the family from turning to the easy option of fast food, or eating out at restaurants where they serve countless courses and portions that are much to big for one sitting. The KidsHealth website also suggests that parents stock up on healthy foods. Having fattening or sugary snacks available for kids to snack on when they’re hungry will only add to the issue. There are plenty of healthy and organic snacks that are really tasty also, and if kids get used to eating them while they’re young, they will never know the difference. Making sure your child has breakfast is also an important factor to a healthy diet, as stated in Childhood Obesity. Breakfast is the most important meal of the day and necessary for a healthy metabolism. The article pretty much covers all the issues and solutions that I would like to obesity in children. If I were to add something to it I would say that it is so important that parents are involved in their child’s life. This gets even more important as they grow into teens, so it should start when they are children. Parents should know if the child is having problems in school, trouble making friends, being bullied, etc. All of these issues can contribute to the child turning to food for comfort. Another idea that the article didn’t mention is parents buying their children toys that encourage healthy activity rather than laziness or unhealthy eating. Instead of buying a videogame or and Easy Bake Oven for example, get them things to play their favorite sport with. If the child isn’t into sports, and would rather play video games, encourage active games like Wii Fit or Dance games. Getting involved in the activity is a great way to encourage it. I don’t think that the media has exaggerated the issue of childhood obesity in our society. It is a huge problem and we see it everyday, no matter where we are. The media needs to start promoting less of the unhealthy habits and show more advertisements for healthy eating and games and toys that involve activity. In order to prevent obesity and diseases that are linked to it, parents must encourage and demonstrate healthy eating habits as well as teaching their children to stay active. The prevention must start when the child is young, and remain steady and continuous as they grow. http://www.aspe.hhs.gov/health/reports/child_obesity/ http://www.thetoyzone.com/2010/15-toys-that-will-make-your-children-fat/

An introduction to child protection legislation in the UK

There are different laws and guidelines that exist in different parts of the UK there is not one single piece of child protection legislation for the UK. Current legislation is brought about because of The Children Act 1989 This was put into place to safeguard that everyone that work with children were sure and clear about their responsibilities and worked together. Also to ensure that if an allegation of child abuse were made all people working with children would be knowledgeable about what to do and how to act.Many problems were found in the way that reports of child abuse and neglect were dealt when an independent inquiry was done following the death of Victoria Climbie in the year 2000. Also, the independent inquiry leads to the finding that vulnerable people in society were being neglected in the part of safeguarding.Lord Laming’s report aka, The Laming Report consisting of 58 recommendations particularly aimed at the safeguarding of children led to the government putti ng forward Every Child Matters paper and setting The Children Act 2004 into place. Every child should receive help and guidance to achieve or receive positive outcomes in life. And this is what the Every Child Matters paper is in place to ensure. All children should have economic well-being, enjoy, make a positive contribution, stay safe and achieve. The Children Act 2004 is in place to improve and ensure children’s safeguarding. This director of children’s services is ultimately the person responsible for ensuring that all children are safeguarded, every local authority should have their allocated director. Because of this act changes were made and additional things such as local safeguarding boards were set up, and services became more mindful of what the children’s wishes are and put into more consideration. It has since become a duty of children’s services to work efficiently with a multi-agency approach to safeguard children and support the children under their cares welfare. The common assessment framework was introduced as part of this act to help it is a tool used to help identify childrens needs and assist in how to help meet them.In 2009 a scheme was introduced and the personal information of all adults who work with children must be checked so that individuals who prove unsuitable to be around and working with children are prevented from doing so. This scheme is the disclosure and barring service. Adults working with children will undergo a DBS check and be awarded a certificate as proof of this. All work settings involving children will require staff to have these certificates.